Menafsirkan musiman dengan ACF dan PACF

Saya memiliki dataset di mana intuisi empiris mengatakan saya harus mengharapkan musiman mingguan (yaitu, perilaku pada hari Sabtu dan minggu berbeda dari sisa minggu ini). Haruskah premis ini benar, bukankah seharusnya grafik autokorelasi memberi saya kelipatan kelipatan 7?

Berikut contoh data:

data = TemporalData[{{{2012, 09, 28}, 19160768}, {{2012, 09, 19}, 
    19607936}, {{2012, 09, 08}, 7867456}, {{2012, 09, 15}, 
    11245024}, {{2012, 09, 04}, 0}, {{2012, 09, 21}, 
    24314496}, {{2012, 09, 12}, 11233632}, {{2012, 09, 03}, 
    9886496}, {{2012, 09, 09}, 9122272}, {{2012, 09, 24}, 
    23103456}, {{2012, 09, 20}, 25721472}, {{2012, 09, 11}, 
    12272160}, {{2012, 09, 25}, 21876960}, {{2012, 09, 05}, 
    7182528}, {{2012, 09, 16}, 11754752}, {{2012, 09, 23}, 
    23737248}, {{2012, 09, 26}, 20985984}, {{2012, 09, 10}, 
    12123584}, {{2012, 09, 06}, 9076736}, {{2012, 09, 17}, 
    20123328}, {{2012, 09, 18}, 20634720}, {{2012, 09, 22}, 
    23361024}, {{2012, 09, 14}, 11804928}, {{2012, 09, 07}, 
    9007200}, {{2012, 09, 02}, 9244192}, {{2012, 09, 13}, 
    11335328}, {{2012, 09, 27}, 20694720}, {{2012, 10, 26}, 
    12242112}, {{2012, 10, 15}, 10963776}, {{2012, 11, 09}, 
    9735424}, {{2012, 10, 08}, 10078240}, {{2012, 10, 31}, 
    10676736}, {{2012, 10, 20}, 11719840}, {{2012, 11, 05}, 
    10475168}, {{2012, 10, 01}, 9988416}, {{2012, 10, 24}, 
    11998688}, {{2012, 10, 12}, 10393120}, {{2012, 10, 23}, 
    11987936}, {{2012, 10, 19}, 11165536}, {{2012, 10, 04}, 
    9902720}, {{2012, 11, 16}, 10023648}, {{2012, 11, 21}, 
    10047936}, {{2012, 10, 10}, 10205568}, {{2012, 11, 08}, 
    9872832}, {{2012, 10, 21}, 12854112}, {{2012, 11, 04}, 
    10485856}, {{2012, 10, 07}, 9565248}, {{2012, 09, 30}, 
    9784864}, {{2012, 10, 29}, 12880064}, {{2012, 11, 10}, 
    8945824}, {{2012, 11, 15}, 9870880}, {{2012, 09, 29}, 
    9718080}, {{2012, 10, 18}, 10992896}, {{2012, 10, 06}, 
    9319584}, {{2012, 11, 03}, 9077024}, {{2012, 10, 03}, 
    10537408}, {{2012, 11, 22}, 9853216}, {{2012, 10, 11}, 
    10191936}, {{2012, 10, 22}, 12766816}, {{2012, 11, 07}, 
    9510624}, {{2012, 11, 14}, 9707264}, {{2012, 10, 28}, 
    12060736}, {{2012, 11, 19}, 10946880}, {{2012, 11, 11}, 
    9529568}, {{2012, 10, 09}, 9967680}, {{2012, 10, 17}, 
    12093344}, {{2012, 11, 20}, 10520800}, {{2012, 10, 05}, 
    9619136}, {{2012, 10, 25}, 11484288}, {{2012, 11, 17}, 
    9389312}, {{2012, 10, 30}, 12078944}, {{2012, 10, 14}, 
    9505984}, {{2012, 10, 02}, 9943648}, {{2012, 11, 24}, 
    9458144}, {{2012, 11, 02}, 10082944}, {{2012, 11, 01}, 
    11082912}, {{2012, 10, 13}, 9117632}, {{2012, 11, 23}, 
    10253280}, {{2012, 11, 12}, 10240672}, {{2012, 11, 06}, 
    9723456}, {{2012, 11, 13}, 9806880}, {{2012, 10, 16}, 
    12368896}, {{2012, 11, 18}, 9632800}, {{2012, 10, 27}, 10606656}}]

... dan ACF:

... dan PACF:

Pertama, ini intuisi Anda yang diilustrasikan dalam rangkaian waktu yang disederhanakan di mana akhir pekan mudah terlihat di ACF:

Namun, pola ACF yang diharapkan ini dapat ditutup-tutupi ketika data memiliki beberapa tren:

Solusi (jika ini masalah) adalah memperkirakan dan mengendalikan tren saat menentukan musim.

Kode R yang menghasilkan plot berikut:

# fourteen repeating 'weeks' of five zeroes and two ones
weekendeffect <- rep(c(rep(0,5),1,1),times=14)

plot(weekendeffect,
    main="Weekly pattern of five zeroes & two ones",
    xlab="Time", ylab="Value")  
acf(weekendeffect, main="ACF")

# add steady trend 
dailydrift <- 0.05
drift <- seq(from=dailydrift, to=length(weekendeffect)*dailydrift, 
   by=dailydrift)
driftingtimeseries <- drift + weekendeffect 

plot(driftingtimeseries,
    main=c("Weekly pattern with daily drift of",dailydrift),
    xlab="Time", ylab="Value")  
acf(driftingtimeseries, main=c("ACF with daily drift of",dailydrift))


# add larger trend 
dailydrift <- 0.1
drift <- seq(from=dailydrift, to=length(weekendeffect)*dailydrift, 
   by=dailydrift)
driftingtimeseries <- drift + weekendeffect 

plot(driftingtimeseries,
    main=c("Weekly pattern with daily drift of",dailydrift),
    xlab="Time", ylab="value")  
acf(driftingtimeseries, main=c("ACF with daily drift of",dailydrift))

Sudahkah Anda menggunakan teknik diferensiasi untuk membuat data Anda tetap? plot ACF Anda menunjukkan bahwa mungkin Anda belum melakukan langkah ini. Setelah Anda memiliki seri stasioner maka akan lebih mudah untuk menafsirkan plot. Saya menambahkan dua sumber Universitas yang dapat membantu Anda membedakan dan menafsirkan.

Universitas Negeri Pennsylvania

Universitas Duke