Perintah untuk mencantumkan alamat dhcp yang ditugaskan

Apakah ada perintah yang bisa saya gunakan untuk bertanya ke server dhcpd alamat mana yang telah ditetapkan?

Tidak, Anda hanya bisa mendapatkan sisi server informasi ini dari server DHCP. Informasi ini terkandung dalam file DHCP server. Harap:: /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leasesjika Anda menggunakan server DHCP ISC.

Contoh

$ more /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
# All times in this file are in UTC (GMT), not your local timezone.   This is
# not a bug, so please don't ask about it.   There is no portable way to
# store leases in the local timezone, so please don't request this as a
# feature.   If this is inconvenient or confusing to you, we sincerely
# apologize.   Seriously, though - don't ask.
# The format of this file is documented in the dhcpd.leases(5) manual page.
# This lease file was written by isc-dhcp-V3.0.5-RedHat

lease 192.168.1.100 {
  starts 4 2011/09/22 20:27:28;
  ends 1 2011/09/26 20:27:28;
  tstp 1 2011/09/26 20:27:28;
  binding state free;
  hardware ethernet 00:1b:77:93:a1:69;
  uid "\001\000\033w\223\241i";
}
...
...

isc-dhcpdversi paket 4.3.1memiliki perintah ini untuk mencantumkan sewa:

dhcp-lease-list --lease PATH_TO_LEASE_FILE

Ini adalah skrip skrip perl sederhana yang juga mendukung rilis DHCP yang lebih lama. Anda dapat melihat salinan dalam kode sumber Debian atau dalam distribusi DHCP resmi (dalam contrib/).

Outputnya cantik:

$ perl contrib/dhcp-lease-list.pl --lease /var/db/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
To get manufacturer names please download http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/oui.txt to /usr/local/etc/oui.txt
MAC                IP              hostname       valid until         manufacturer
===============================================================================================
90:27:e4:f9:9d:d7  192.168.0.182   iMac-de-mac    2015-12-12 01:37:06 -NA-
d8:a2:5e:94:40:81  192.168.0.178   foo-2          2015-12-12 01:04:56 -NA-
e8:9a:8f:6e:0f:60  192.168.0.127   angela         2015-12-11 23:55:32 -NA-
ec:55:f9:c5:f2:55  192.168.0.179   angela         2015-12-11 23:54:56 -NA-
f0:4f:7c:3f:9e:dc  192.168.0.183   kindle-1234567 2015-12-11 23:54:31 -NA-
f4:ec:38:e2:f9:67  192.168.0.185   -NA-           2015-12-11 23:55:40 -NA-
f8:d1:11:b7:5a:62  192.168.0.184   -NA-           2015-12-11 23:57:34 -NA-

Lebih cantik jika Anda mengunduh oui.txtfile seperti yang disarankan, tetapi hasilnya bisa kacau kecuali Anda menerapkan tambalan berikut:

--- dhcp-lease-list.pl.orig     2015-12-12 12:30:00.000000000 -0500
+++ dhcp-lease-list.pl  2015-12-12 12:54:31.000000000 -0500
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
     if (defined $oui) {
        $manu = join('-', ($_[0] =~ /^(..):(..):(..):/));
        $manu = `grep -i '$manu' $oui | cut -f3`;
-       chomp($manu);
+       $manu =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
     }

     return $manu;
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
     }
     foreach (@leases) {
        if ($opt_format eq 'human') {
-          printf("%-19s%-16s%-15s%-20s%-20s\n",
+          printf("%-19s%-16s%-14.14s %-20s%-20s\n",
                  $_->{'mac'},       # MAC
                  $_->{'ip'},        # IP address
                  $_->{'hostname'},  # hostname

Patch ini diajukan di bagian hulu sebagai ISC-Bugs # 41288 dan menunggu peninjauan.

perintah egrep dapat digunakan untuk mendapatkan output:

egrep "lease|hostname|hardware|\}" /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

Keluaran:

lease 192.168.11.10 {
  hardware ethernet 20:6a:8a:55:19:0a;
  client-hostname "Maryam-PC";
}
lease 192.168.11.7 {
  hardware ethernet 00:16:ea:51:d3:12;
  client-hostname "parsoon";
}
lease 192.168.11.3 {
  hardware ethernet 00:17:c4:3f:84:e3;
  client-hostname "zahra-ubuntu";
}
lease 192.168.11.5 {
  hardware ethernet 58:b0:35:f1:31:2f;
}

Sebagian besar jawaban di atas sebagian. Dan jujur ​​saja tidak ada solusi sederhana. 1) Anda dapat mem-parsing file database dhcpd.leases dan mendapatkan informasi tentang sewa aktif, tetapi Anda tidak akan mendapatkan informasi tentang alamat TETAP (ditugaskan oleh baris seperti:

host switch1      { hardware ethernet a1:b2:c3:d7:2f:bc ; fixed-address switch1.mydomain.com; }

Dan ini juga tidak benar-benar memberikan informasi kapan terakhir kali sebuah dhcp ack dikirim ke mesin.

2) di sisi lain Anda dapat mengurai file dhcpd.log untuk mencari baris ack (terlihat seperti ini):

2017-03-12T08:44:52.421114+01:00, Linuxx, info, dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.0.0.63 from 68:ab:35:59:9c:a1 via 10.0.0.1 
2017-03-12T08:44:52.421174+01:00, Linuxx, info, dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.0.0.63 to 68:ab:35:59:9c:a1 via 10.0.0.1

Tetapi yang harus Anda lakukan adalah melakukan KEDUA. Pertama-tama parsing file log, dan kemudian perbarui file dengan informasi yang diperoleh dari file dhcpd.leases dengan database untuk informasi yang hilang seperti awal sewa, dll.

Sekarang: Saya telah memainkan sekitar 2 hari kerja penuh sampai saya telah membuat solusi yang membuat tabel HTML dengan SEMUA sewa aktif, baik TETAP dan dinamis. Berikut adalah kode yang dapat Anda tempatkan di folder cgi-bin Anda atau di mana saja.

#!/usr/bin/perl
#####################################################################################
# list dhcpd active leases 
#   - both "fixed" addresses which are normally not placed into leases database
#   - and dynamically given leases which are present in leases DB
# working for isc-dhcpd-server service but should also work for other compatible
# dhcpd servers. 
# produces HTML or CSV list of leases
#
# written by Marcin Gosiewski, BV Grupa s.c. Poland <[email protected]>
# based on portions of code by Jason Antman <[email protected]> 
#
# to make it work change the $logfilename and $leasedbname below and modify
# the regexp in second part of code (see below) to match your log lines format
# also you can optionally turn off reverse dns lookup (see below) which speeds up the process 
# of table creation and is useless unless you have reverse dns populated for 
# your fixed or dynamic leases
#
# CHANGELOG:
#     2017-03-13: initial version
use Socket;
use strict;
use warnings;
no warnings 'uninitialized';

# adjust this to match your files location: both log file and leases
# database. We use 2 last log files from logrotate, but you can add as many as you want
my @logfilenames = ( "/var/log/LOCALAPP.dhcpd.log.1", "/var/log/LOCALAPP.dhcpd.log" );
my $leasedbname = "/var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases";
my %data = ();
# optional, can be modified to produce local time
use Time::Local;
use POSIX 'strftime';
my $now = time();
# local variables, lease information stored here
my $ip=""; 
my $status=""; 
my $interface=""; 
my $sdate="";         # beginning of lease
my $stime=""; 
my $edate="";         # end of lease
my $etime=""; 
my $adate="";         # last update (ACK) sent to requesting server
my $atime="";
my $mac=""; 
my $hostname="";
my $dnsname="";       # reverse dns lookup for host

#######################################################################
# first gather data from logfile for all ACK actions
#######################################################################

# collect all lines from log files into memory...
my @lines = (); my @loglines=(); 
foreach my $logfilename (@logfilenames)
{
  open LOGFILE, '<', $logfilename;
  chomp(@loglines = <LOGFILE>);
  #printf "LINES1: " . scalar @loglines . " in " .$logfilename . "\n";
  push(@lines, @loglines);
  close(LOGFILE);
}
@loglines=();
#printf "TOTAL LINES: " . scalar @lines . "\n";
foreach my $line (@lines)
{
  if ( $line !~ m/dhcpd: DHCPACK/) { next;}
  #printf "LINE: $line\n";

  ###############################
  # Modify the following line to make regexp capture 6 groups from log line:
  # 1 - date
  # 2 - time
  # 3 - ip 
  # 4 - mac
  # 5 - hostname if available
  # 6 - interface
  #$line =~ m/(^.{10})T(.{8}).+,\ dhcpd: DHCPACK on (\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}) to ((?:[0-9a-f]{2}[:-]){5}[0-9a-f]{2}.*) via (.+)/;
  $line =~m/(^.{10})T(.{8}).+,\ dhcpd: DHCPACK on (\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}) to ((?:[0-9a-f]{2}[:-]){5}[0-9a-f]{2}) (.*)via (.+)/;
  # process the input
  $adate="$1";
  $atime="$2";
  $ip="$3";
  $mac="$4";
  $hostname="$5";
  $interface="$6";
  #add some 'known' facts:
  $status="ACK";
  $sdate="";    #"FOREVER";
  $stime="";
  $edate="";
  $etime="";

  #create/update record for this mac_addr
  #you can add extra check here if the IP address is not duplicated within
  #ack history and choose only the newer one. 

  $data{"$mac"}->{'ip'} = "$ip";
  $data{"$mac"}->{'status'} = "$status";
  $data{"$mac"}->{'interface'} = "$interface";
  $data{"$mac"}->{'adate'} = "$adate";
  $data{"$mac"}->{'atime'} = "$atime";
  $data{"$mac"}->{'sdate'} = "$sdate";
  $data{"$mac"}->{'stime'} = "$stime";
  $data{"$mac"}->{'edate'} = "$edate";
  $data{"$mac"}->{'etime'} = "$etime";
  $data{"$mac"}->{'mac'} = "$mac";
  $data{"$mac"}->{'hostname'} = "$hostname";
}
#close(LOGFILE);

#######################################################################
# gather data from lease database for dynamic addresses
# update the records (for existing) or add new records
#######################################################################

my $isdata = 0;
my $type = "";

#this information is not present in leases database so we just set
#it to default values
$interface="dhcpd";
$status="ACTIVE";
$adate="-";
$atime="";

open LEASEDB, $leasedbname or die $!;
foreach my $line (<LEASEDB>) 
{
  chomp($line);
  $isdata = 1 if $line =~ /^lease /;
  $isdata = 0 if $line =~ /^}/;

  if ($isdata) 
  {
    if ($line =~ /^lease/) 
    {
      $ip = (split(" ", $line))[1];
    } 
    elsif ($line =~ /^  starts/) 
    {
      ($sdate, $stime) = (split(" ", $line))[2,3];
      $sdate =~ s/\//-/g;
      $stime =~ s/;//;
    } 
    elsif ($line =~ /^  ends/) 
    {
      ($type, $edate, $etime) = (split(" ", $line))[1,2,3];
      if($type eq "never;")
      {
        $edate="forever";
        $etime=" ";
      }
      else
      {
        $edate =~ s/\//-/g;
        $etime =~ s/;//;
      }
    } 
    elsif ($line =~ /^  hardware ethernet/) 
    {
            $mac = (split(" ", $line))[2];
            $mac =~ s/;//;
    } 
    elsif ($line =~ /^  client-hostname/) 
    {
            $hostname = (split(/\"/, $line))[1];
    }
    elsif($mac ne "") 
    {
        #we have parsed the whole record, no more matching entries
        #data is collected to variables. now push the record.

        #now let's decide if we are updating the record or creating
        #new record

        # check against lease date, do not add expired leases
        # convert lease end time to local time/date and compare with $now
        my $y=0; my $m=0; my $d=0; my $H=0; my $M=0; my $S=0;
        my $edatetime = $now;
        ($y, $m, $d) = split("-", $edate);
        ($H, $M, $S) = split(":", $etime);
        $edatetime = timelocal($S,$M,$H,$d,$m-1,$y);
        if($edatetime >= $now)
        {
          # now check if record exists
          if(!defined($data{"$mac"}->{'mac'}))
          {
            #record does not exist, fill up default data
            $data{"$mac"}->{'mac'} = "$mac";
            $data{"$mac"}->{'interface'} = "$interface";
            $data{"$mac"}->{'ip'} = "$ip";
            $data{"$mac"}->{'hostname'} = "$hostname";
          }
          # record exists, let's check if we should update
          $data{"$mac"}->{'status'} = "$status";
          $data{"$mac"}->{'sdate'} = "$sdate";
          $data{"$mac"}->{'stime'} = "$stime";
          $data{"$mac"}->{'edate'} = "$edate";
          $data{"$mac"}->{'etime'} = "$etime";
          $data{"$mac"}->{'hostname'} = "$hostname";
          #we do NOT update ACK time because we do not have it
          #do NOT uncomment below
          #$data{"$mac"}->{'adate'} = "$adate";
          #$data{"$mac"}->{'atime'} = "$atime";

        }
    }
  }
}
close(LEASEDB);

#######################################################################
# sort data
#######################################################################

#we sort by IP but you can sort by anything.
my @sorted = sort { ($data{$a}{'ip'}) cmp ($data{$b}{'ip'}) } %data;

#######################################################################
# Print out everything to the HTML table
#######################################################################

my $hostnamelong="";

printf "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
printf "<html><head><title>Aktywne dzierzawy DHCP</title></head>\n";
printf "<style> table, th, td { border: 1px solid lightgray; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 3px; } ";
printf "tr:nth-child(even) { background-color: #dddddd; } ";
printf "</style>\n";
printf "<body>\n";
printf "<table border='1' cellpadding='6'>\n";
printf "<tr><th>IP</th><th>Status</th><th>Interface</th><th>Lease time</th><th>ACK time</th><th>Mac</th><th>Host</th></tr>\n";
foreach my $key (@sorted) {
    if($data{$key}{'mac'} eq "") { next ; }

    # BEGIN reverse dns lookup
    # can optionally turn off reverse dns lookup (comment out below lines) which speeds up the process 
    # of table creation and is useless unless you have reverse dns populated for 
    # your fixed or dynamic leases uncomment single line below instead:
    #
    # version without reverse dns lookup:
    # $hostnamelong = $data{$key}{'hostname'};
    #
    # version with reverse dns lookup: 
    # BEGIN
    $dnsname = gethostbyaddr(inet_aton($data{$key}{'ip'}), AF_INET);
    if($data{$key}{'hostname'} ne "")
    {
      $hostnamelong = $data{$key}{'hostname'} . " | " . $dnsname;
    }
    else
    {
      $hostnamelong = $dnsname;
    }
    $dnsname = "";
    # END

    printf "<tr>";
    printf "<td>" . $data{$key}{'ip'} ."</td>";
    printf "<td>" . $data{$key}{'status'} ."</td>";
    printf "<td>" . $data{$key}{'interface'} ."</td>";
    printf "<td>" . $data{$key}{'sdate'} . " " . $data{$key}{'stime'} ." - ";
    printf $data{$key}{'edate'} . " " . $data{$key}{'etime'} ."</td>";
    printf "<td>" . $data{$key}{'adate'} . " " . $data{$key}{'atime'} . "</td>";
    printf "<td>" . $data{$key}{'mac'} ."</td>";
    printf "<td>" . $hostnamelong ."</td>";
    printf "</tr>\n";
}

printf "</table>\n";
printf "</body></html>\n";

# END of programm

Harap dicatat, bahwa: 1) skrip di atas memerlukan sedikit modifikasi sebelum berjalan di lingkungan ANDA, Anda harus memodifikasi lokasi file, dan satu regex tergantung pada format file log Anda. Lihat komentar dalam skrip. 2) skrip di atas tidak memeriksa apakah IP tidak diulang dalam tabel ACK, jika 2 mesin yang berbeda mendapatkan alamat yang sama dalam beberapa hari terakhir. Ini adalah desain (apa yang saya pribadi perlukan untuk melihat setiap alamat mac yang ada di jaringan saya selama beberapa hari terakhir) - Anda dapat dengan mudah memodifikasinya, ada bagian yang siap untuk ini dalam kode, cukup tambahkan satu syarat.

Harap Anda menyukainya.

Format file sewaan telah berubah, atau setidaknya berbeda ketika menggunakan dhcpcd5. Untuk melihat sewa yang Anda miliki di wlan0untuk jaringan WiFi MyNetwork, Anda harus melihat file ini (atau sesuatu seperti itu): /var/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd-wlan0-MyNetwork.lease.

File itu adalah file biner. (Kenapa? Saya tidak tahu. Mungkin untuk menyimpan beberapa siklus CPU yang berharga dalam menguraikannya? Blech.) Untuk melihatnya, gunakan dhcpcd --dumplease, yang mem-parsing biner dari STDIN dan menghasilkan versi yang dapat dibaca manusia:

cat /var/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd-wlan0-MyNetwork.lease | dhcpcd --dumplease

Di sisi lain, jika Anda hanya ingin melihat apa yang ditetapkan untuk sewa saat wlan0ini, Anda dapat melakukannya:

dhcpcd --dumplease wlan0

Saya sebenarnya menulis sesuatu di bash untuk mencoba mendapatkan ini. Itu menulis setiap alamat IP ke file nama yang sama sehingga jika yang lain muncul lagi, itu akan menimpa file sebelumnya, karenanya tidak akan ada duplikat. Ini juga akan menggunakan oui.txt untuk menemukan pembuat alamat MAC yang dimaksud.

Lihat apakah Anda dapat menggunakannya.

#!/bin/bash

pid=$$

while read i
do
        echo $i | egrep -qi '^lease|hardware|starts|ends|hostname' || continue
        if [[ $i =~ [0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3} ]]; then
                ip=$(echo $i | awk '{print $2}')
                printf "IP Address: " > /root/$ip.$pid
                echo $ip >> /root/$ip.$pid
        elif [[ $i =~ starts ]]; then
                printf "\tLease start: " >> /root/$ip.$pid
                echo $i | awk '{print $3,$4}' | tr -d ';' >> /root/$ip.$pid
        elif [[ $i =~ ends ]]; then
                printf "\tLease ends: " >> /root/$ip.$pid
                echo $i | awk '{print $3,$4}' | tr -d ';' >> /root/$ip.$pid
        elif [[ $i =~ ethernet ]]; then
                mac=$(echo -n $i | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d ';')
                oui=$(echo -n $mac | tr ':' '-' | cut -c1-8)

                printf "\tMAC Address: " >> /root/$ip.$pid
                echo $mac >> /root/$ip.$pid
                printf "\tManufacturer: " >> /root/$ip.$pid
                grep -i $oui /usr/share/hwdata/oui.txt | awk '{print $3,$4,$5,$6}' >> /root/$ip.$pid
                printf "\n" >> /root/$ip.$pid
        elif [[ $i =~ hostname ]]; then
                printf "\tHostname: " >> /root/$ip.$pid
                echo $i | awk '{print $2}' | tr -d ';' >> /root/$ip.$pid
        fi

done < /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

cat /root/*.$pid
echo "Total leased: $(ls -l /root/*.$pid | wc -l)"
rm -rf /root/*.$pid