Saya mencoba membuat PAN Bluetooth di antara dua perangkat tempat saya dapat mengakses layanan web berbasis REST melalui koneksi Bluetooth. Saya telah berhasil dengan berbagai bukti konsep (baik Bluetooth legacy dan Bluetooth Smart) tetapi saya mengalami masalah dalam mencoba membuat jaringan Grup atau jaringan PANU <-> jaringan PANU. Saya dapat membuat jaringan bekerja menggunakan skenario titik akses jaringan namun kasus penggunaan kami harus berupa satu perangkat yang berkomunikasi dengan satu perangkat lain tanpa perutean ke perangkat atau jaringan lain.
Untuk mulai dengan saya memiliki Raspberry Pi dengan OS Raspbian terbaru. Ini datang dengan bluez 5.23. Untuk mengaktifkan jalur akses jaringan saya menggunakan kode berikut:
brctl addbr pan0
brctl setfd pan0 0
brctl stp pan0 off
ifconfig pan0 inet6 add fd00::5ef3:70ff:xxxx:xxxx
iplink set pan0 up
bt-network –d –s nap pan0
Ini berfungsi dengan baik dan saya dapat menghubungkan kedua perangkat Linux dan Windows. Saya juga dapat mengakses server web Apache yang berjalan di Raspberry Pi dari perangkat yang saya sambungkan.
Di perangkat Linux saya menggunakan blueman untuk terhubung. Saya juga telah menggunakan bt-network dengan opsi -c untuk terhubung juga. Untuk perangkat Windows (tablet 10 windows) saya memasangkan perangkat dan kemudian terhubung ke jaringan dari layar Bluetooth Personal Area Network Devices. Saya memang perlu menggunakan bluetoothctl untuk mempercayai kedua perangkat sebelum menghubungkan.
Dengan NAP berfungsi, saya ingin mencoba membuat jaringan grup atau jaringan panu-panu berfungsi seperti yang dijelaskan dalam dokumen ini: http://www.bluetooth.org/docman/handlers/downloaddoc.ashx?doc_id=6554 Skenario ini akan bekerja paling baik bagi kami karena kami tidak ingin merutekan ke jaringan atau perangkat tambahan apa pun (skenario panu-panu akan ideal)
Pikiran awal saya yang harus saya lakukan adalah mengubah perintah bt-network ke salah satu dari dua perintah ini:
bt-network –d –s gn pan0
bt-network –d –s panu pan0
Kedua perintah ini memulai dengan kesalahan apa pun tetapi saya tidak dapat membuat koneksi jaringan antara perangkat Linux atau Windows saya. Saya berhasil memasangkan perangkat (saya menggunakan perintah "hciconfig hci0 piscan" untuk beriklan) tetapi saya tidak dapat mengangkat jaringan.
Jika saya menjalankan hcidump, saya mendapatkan output berikut. Catatan saya menyertakan seluruh hcidump dari upaya koneksi sehingga cukup lama tapi saya pikir ini dapat membantu mengidentifikasi masalah. Ini untuk jaringan grup tapi saya mendapatkan kesalahan yang sama dengan skenario panu-panu:
HCI sniffer - Bluetooth packet analyzer ver 5.23
device: hci0 snap_len: 1500 filter: 0xffffffff
> HCI Event: Connect Request (0x04) plen 10
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX class 0x000000 type ACL
< HCI Command: Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) plen 7
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00
Role: Master
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Role Change (0x12) plen 8
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00
Role: Master
> HCI Event: Connect Complete (0x03) plen 11
status 0x00 handle 11 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX type ACL encrypt 0x00
< HCI Command: Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) plen 2
handle 11
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Max Slots Change (0x1b) plen 3
handle 11 slots 5
> HCI Event: Read Remote Supported Features (0x0b) plen 11
status 0x00 handle 11
Features: 0xbf 0xfe 0xcf 0xfe 0xdb 0xff 0x7b 0x87
< HCI Command: Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) plen 3
handle 11 page 1
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Read Remote Extended Features (0x23) plen 13
status 0x00 handle 11 page 1 max 1
Features: 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
< HCI Command: Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) plen 10
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX mode 2 clkoffset 0x0000
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Remote Name Req Complete (0x07) plen 255
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX name 'raspberrypi'
> HCI Event: IO Capability Response (0x32) plen 9
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX capability 0x01 oob 0x00 auth 0x03
Capability: DisplayYesNo (OOB data not present)
Authentication: Dedicated Bonding (MITM Protection)
> HCI Event: IO Capability Request (0x31) plen 6
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
< HCI Command: IO Capability Request Reply (0x01|0x002b) plen 9
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX capability 0x03 oob 0x00 auth 0x02
Capability: NoInputNoOutput (OOB data not present)
Authentication: Dedicated Bonding (No MITM Protection)
> HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10
IO Capability Request Reply (0x01|0x002b) ncmd 1
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 1
> HCI Event: User Confirmation Request (0x33) plen 10
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX passkey 774674
< HCI Command: User Confirmation Request Reply (0x01|0x002c) plen 6
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
> HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10
User Confirmation Request Reply (0x01|0x002c) ncmd 1
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
> HCI Event: Simple Pairing Complete (0x36) plen 7
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
> HCI Event: Link Key Notification (0x18) plen 23
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX key 839802CBF65CA6D1D864F91831A288B0 type 4
Type: Unauthenticated Combination Key
> HCI Event: Encrypt Change (0x08) plen 4
status 0x00 handle 11 encrypt 0x01
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0
Extended feature mask 0x02b8
Enhanced Retransmission mode
Streaming mode
FCS Option
Fixed Channels
Unicast Connectless Data Reception
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0
Extended feature mask 0x02b8
Enhanced Retransmission mode
Streaming mode
FCS Option
Fixed Channels
Unicast Connectless Data Reception
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 20
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0
Fixed channel list 0x00000006
L2CAP Signalling Channel
L2CAP Connless
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 20
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0
Fixed channel list 0x00000006
L2CAP Signalling Channel
L2CAP Connless
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 12
L2CAP(s): Connect req: psm 1 scid 0x0040
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Connect rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040 result 0 status 0
Connection successful
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 23
L2CAP(s): Config req: dcid 0x0040 flags 0x00 clen 11
RFC 0x00 (Basic)
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 23
L2CAP(s): Config req: dcid 0x0040 flags 0x00 clen 11
RFC 0x00 (Basic)
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 18
L2CAP(s): Config rsp: scid 0x0040 flags 0x00 result 0 clen 4
MTU 672
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 18
L2CAP(s): Config rsp: scid 0x0040 flags 0x00 result 0 clen 4
MTU 672
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 24
L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 20 [psm 1]
SDP SSA Req: tid 0x0 len 0xf
pat uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP)
max 65535
aid(s) 0x0000 - 0xffff
cont 00
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 606
L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 602 [psm 1]
SDP SSA Rsp: tid 0x0 len 0x255
count 594
record #0
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10001
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x1800 >
aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1f > <
uuid-16 0x0007 uint 0x1 uint 0x8 > >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x000a (DocURL)
url "http://www.bluez.org/"
aid 0x000b (ClientExeURL)
url "http://www.bluez.org/"
aid 0x000c (IconURL)
url "http://www.bluez.org/"
aid 0x0100 (SrvName)
str "Generic Access Profile"
aid 0x0102 (ProviderName)
str "BlueZ"
record #1
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10002
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x1801 >
aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1f > <
uuid-16 0x0007 uint 0x10 uint 0x10 > >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x0100 (SrvName)
str "Generic Attribute Profile"
aid 0x0102 (ProviderName)
str "BlueZ"
record #2
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10003
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x110e (AVRemote) uuid-16 0x110f (AVRemCt) >
aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x17 > <
uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x110e (AVRemote) uint 0x105 > >
aid 0x000d (AdditionalProtocolDescLists)
< < < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1b > < uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > > >
aid 0x0100 (SrvName)
str "AVRCP CT"
aid 0x0311 (SuppFeatures)
uint 0x4f
record #3
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10004
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x110c (AVRemTarget) >
aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x17 > <
uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x110e (AVRemote) uint 0x104 > >
aid 0x000d (AdditionalProtocolDescLists)
< < < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1b > < uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > > >
aid 0x0100 (SrvName)
str "AVRCP TG"
aid 0x0311 (SuppFeatures)
uint 0x5f
record #4
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10005
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x1117 (GN) >
aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0xf > <
uuid-16 0x000f (BNEP) uint 0x100 < uint 0x800 uint 0x806 > > >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x0006 (LangBaseAttrIDList)
< uint 0x656e uint 0x6a uint 0x100 >
aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x1117 (GN) uint 0x100 > >
aid 0x0100 (SrvName)
str "Network service"
aid 0x0101 (SrvDesc)
str "Network service"
aid 0x030a (SecurityDescription)
uint 0x1
cont 00
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 24
L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 20 [psm 1]
SDP SSA Req: tid 0x1 len 0xf
pat uuid-16 0x1200 (PNPInfo)
max 65535
aid(s) 0x0000 - 0xffff
cont 00
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 88
L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 84 [psm 1]
SDP SSA Rsp: tid 0x1 len 0x4f
count 76
record #0
aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)
uint 0x10000
aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)
< uuid-16 0x1200 (PNPInfo) >
aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)
< uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >
aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)
< < uuid-16 0x1200 (PNPInfo) uint 0x103 > >
aid 0x0200 (VersionNumList)
uint 0x103
aid 0x0201 (SrvDBState)
uint 0x1d6b
aid 0x0202 (unknown)
uint 0x246
aid 0x0203 (unknown)
uint 0x517
aid 0x0204 (unknown)
bool 0x1
aid 0x0205 (unknown)
uint 0x2
cont 00
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 12
L2CAP(s): Disconn req: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040
< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 12
L2CAP(s): Disconn rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 11 packets 1
> HCI Event: Disconn Complete (0x05) plen 4
status 0x00 handle 11 reason 0x13
Reason: Remote User Terminated Connection
> HCI Event: Connect Request (0x04) plen 10
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX class 0x000000 type ACL
< HCI Command: Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) plen 7
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00
Role: Master
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Role Change (0x12) plen 8
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00
Role: Master
> HCI Event: Connect Complete (0x03) plen 11
status 0x00 handle 12 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX type ACL encrypt 0x00
< HCI Command: Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) plen 2
handle 12
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Max Slots Change (0x1b) plen 3
handle 12 slots 5
> HCI Event: Read Remote Supported Features (0x0b) plen 11
status 0x00 handle 12
Features: 0xbf 0xfe 0xcf 0xfe 0xdb 0xff 0x7b 0x87
< HCI Command: Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) plen 3
handle 12 page 1
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Read Remote Extended Features (0x23) plen 13
status 0x00 handle 12 page 1 max 1
Features: 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
< HCI Command: Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) plen 10
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX mode 2 clkoffset 0x0000
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2
> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) status 0x00 ncmd 1
> HCI Event: Remote Name Req Complete (0x07) plen 255
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX name 'raspberrypi'
> HCI Event: Link Key Request (0x17) plen 6
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
< HCI Command: Link Key Request Reply (0x01|0x000b) plen 22
bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX key 839802CBF65CA6D1D864F91831A288B0
> HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10
Link Key Request Reply (0x01|0x000b) ncmd 1
status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX
> HCI Event: Encrypt Change (0x08) plen 4
status 0x00 handle 12 encrypt 0x01
> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0
Extended feature mask 0x02b8
Enhanced Retransmission mode
Streaming mode
FCS Option
Fixed Channels
Unicast Connectless Data Reception
> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0
Extended feature mask 0x02b8
Enhanced Retransmission mode
Streaming mode
FCS Option
Fixed Channels
Unicast Connectless Data Reception
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 12 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 10
L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 20
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0
Fixed channel list 0x00000006
L2CAP Signalling Channel
L2CAP Connless
> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 20
L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0
Fixed channel list 0x00000006
L2CAP Signalling Channel
L2CAP Connless
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 12 packets 2
> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 12
L2CAP(s): Connect req: psm 15 scid 0x0040
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Connect rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040 result 1 status 2
Connection pending - Authorization pending
< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 16
L2CAP(s): Connect rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040 result 3 status 0
Connection refused - security block
> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
handle 12 packets 2
> HCI Event: Disconn Complete (0x05) plen 4
status 0x00 handle 12 reason 0x13
Reason: Remote User Terminated Connection
Pada akhir dump ini saya mendapatkan kesalahan: "Koneksi ditolak - blok keamanan". Saya percaya ini adalah masalah tetapi saya memiliki perangkat yang dipercaya di kedua ujungnya. Saya mendapatkan kesalahan yang sama apakah saya mencoba menggunakan gn atau panu sebagai jenis server dan dengan menghubungkan dari perangkat Linux atau Window.
Saya memang melihat banyak contoh untuk titik akses jaringan (NAP) namun saya kesulitan menemukan contoh untuk jaringan grup atau panu. Adakah yang berhasil membuat jaringan grup atau panu bekerja menggunakan bt-network (bluez 5.23)? Apakah saya hanya melewatkan sesuatu? Bantuan apa pun akan dihargai.
Terima kasih
Jon