Mengisi data yang hilang berdasarkan nilai akhir bulan sebelumnya

Diberikan data berikut:

create table #histories
(
    username varchar(10),
    account varchar(10),
    assigned date  
);

insert into #histories 
values 
('PHIL','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-04'),
('PETER','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-15'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-03-04'),
('ANDY','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-06'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-07'),
('FRED','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-08'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT1','2017-08-05'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-02'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-18'),
('JOSH','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-08'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-09'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-06'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-07') ; 

... yang mewakili ketika pengguna tertentu ditugaskan ke akun.

Saya ingin mengetahui siapa yang memiliki akun tertentu pada hari terakhir setiap bulan (tanggal yang ditentukan adalah tanggal dimana akun mengalihkan kepemilikan), dengan setiap akhir bulan yang hilang diisi (mungkin dibuat dari datestabel praktis yang saya miliki, dengan kolom yang bermanfaat DateKey, Datedan LastDayOfMonth, [milik @AaronBertrand]) 1 .

Hasil yang diinginkan adalah:

PETER, ACCOUNT1, 2017-01-31
PETER, ACCOUNT1, 2017-02-28
DAVE, ACCOUNT1, 2017-03-31
DAVE, ACCOUNT1, 2017-04-30
FRED, ACCOUNT1, 2017-05-31
FRED, ACCOUNT1, 2017-06-30
FRED, ACCOUNT1, 2017-07-31
JAMES, ACCOUNT1, 2017-08-31
PHIL, ACCOUNT2, 2017-01-31
PHIL, ACCOUNT2, 2017-02-28
PHIL, ACCOUNT2, 2017-03-31
JAMES, ACCOUNT2, 2017-04-30
PHIL, ACCOUNT2, 2017-05-31

Melakukan bagian awal dari ini dengan fungsi windowing adalah sepele, itu menambahkan baris "hilang" yang saya perjuangkan.

Salah satu pendekatan untuk masalah ini adalah dengan melakukan hal berikut:

1. Emulasi LEADpada SQL Server 2008. Anda dapat menggunakan APPLYatau suquery untuk ini.
2. Untuk baris tanpa baris berikutnya, tambahkan satu bulan ke tanggal akun mereka.
3. Gabung ke tabel dimensi yang berisi tanggal akhir bulan. Ini menghilangkan semua baris yang tidak span setidaknya sebulan dan menambahkan baris untuk mengisi celah yang diperlukan.

Saya memodifikasi data pengujian Anda sedikit untuk membuat hasilnya deterministik. Juga menambahkan indeks:

create table #histories
(
    username varchar(10),
    account varchar(10),
    assigned date  
);

insert into #histories 
values 
('PHIL','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-04'),
('PETER','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-15'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-03-04'),
('ANDY','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-06'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-07'),
('FRED','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-08'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT1','2017-08-05'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-02'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-18'),
('JOSH','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-08'), -- changed this date to have deterministic results
('JAMES','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-09'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-06'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-07') ;

-- make life easy
create index gotta_go_fast ON #histories (account, assigned);

Berikut tabel dimensi tanggal paling malas sepanjang masa:

create table #date_dim_months_only (
    month_date date,
    primary key (month_date)
);

-- put 2500 month ends into table
INSERT INTO #date_dim_months_only WITH (TABLOCK)
SELECT DATEADD(DAY, -1, DATEADD(MONTH, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)), '20000101'))
FROM master..spt_values;

Untuk langkah 1, ada banyak cara untuk ditiru LEAD. Inilah satu metode:

SELECT 
  h1.username
, h1.account
, h1.assigned
, next_date.assigned
FROM #histories h1
OUTER APPLY (
    SELECT TOP 1 h2.assigned
    FROM #histories h2
    WHERE h1.account = h2.account
    AND h1.assigned < h2.assigned
    ORDER BY h2.assigned ASC
) next_date;

Untuk langkah 2, kita perlu mengubah nilai NULL ke yang lain. Anda ingin memasukkan bulan terakhir untuk setiap akun, jadi menambahkan satu bulan ke tanggal mulai sudah cukup:

ISNULL(next_date.assigned, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, h1.assigned))

Untuk langkah 3, kita bisa bergabung ke tabel dimensi tanggal. Kolom dari tabel dimensi adalah persis kolom yang Anda butuhkan untuk set hasil:

INNER JOIN #date_dim_months_only dd ON
    dd.month_date >= h1.assigned AND
    dd.month_date < ISNULL(next_date.assigned, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, h1.assigned))

Saya tidak suka permintaan yang saya dapatkan ketika saya menggabungkan semuanya. Mungkin ada masalah dengan pesanan gabungan saat menggabungkan OUTER APPLYdan INNER JOIN. Untuk mendapatkan pesanan bergabung, saya ingin saya menulis ulang dengan sebuah subquery:

SELECT 
  hist.username
, hist.account
, dd.month_date 
FROM
(
    SELECT 
      h1.username
    , h1.account
    , h1.assigned
    , ISNULL(
        (SELECT TOP 1 h2.assigned
            FROM #histories h2
            WHERE h1.account = h2.account
            AND h1.assigned < h2.assigned
            ORDER BY h2.assigned ASC
        )
        , DATEADD(MONTH, 1, h1.assigned)
    ) next_assigned
    FROM #histories h1
) hist
INNER JOIN #date_dim_months_only dd ON
    dd.month_date >= hist.assigned AND
    dd.month_date < hist.next_assigned;

Saya tidak tahu berapa banyak data yang Anda miliki sehingga mungkin tidak masalah bagi Anda. Tapi rencananya terlihat seperti yang saya inginkan:

Hasilnya cocok dengan Anda:

╔══════════╦══════════╦════════════╗
║ username ║ account  ║ month_date ║
╠══════════╬══════════╬════════════╣
║ PETER    ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-01-31 ║
║ PETER    ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-02-28 ║
║ DAVE     ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-03-31 ║
║ DAVE     ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-04-30 ║
║ FRED     ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-05-31 ║
║ FRED     ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-06-30 ║
║ FRED     ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-07-31 ║
║ JAMES    ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-08-31 ║
║ PHIL     ║ ACCOUNT2 ║ 2017-01-31 ║
║ PHIL     ║ ACCOUNT2 ║ 2017-02-28 ║
║ PHIL     ║ ACCOUNT2 ║ 2017-03-31 ║
║ JAMES    ║ ACCOUNT2 ║ 2017-04-30 ║
║ PHIL     ║ ACCOUNT2 ║ 2017-05-31 ║
╚══════════╩══════════╩════════════╝

Di sini saya tidak menggunakan tabel kalender tetapi tabel angka alami nums.dbo.nums (Saya harap Anda juga mendapatkannya, jika tidak, dapat dengan mudah dibuat)

Saya memiliki jawaban yang sedikit berbeda dari milik Anda ('JOSH' <-> 'JAMES') karena data Anda berisi 2 baris ini:

('JOSH','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-09'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-09'),

dengan akun yang sama dan tanggal yang ditentukan dan Anda tidak tahu mana yang harus diambil adalah situasi ini.

declare @eom table(account varchar(10), dt date); 

with acc_mm AS
(
select account, min(assigned) as min_dt, max(assigned) as max_dt
from #histories
group by account
),

acc_mm1 AS
(
select account,
       dateadd(month, datediff(month, '19991231', min_dt), '19991231') as start_dt,
       dateadd(month, datediff(month, '19991231', max_dt), '19991231') as end_dt
from acc_mm
)

insert into @eom (account, dt) 
select account, dateadd(month, n - 1, start_dt)
from acc_mm1
      join nums.dbo.nums            
           on n - 1 <= datediff(month, start_dt, end_dt); 

select eom.dt, eom.account, a.username
from @eom eom 
     cross apply(select top 1 *
                 from #histories h 
                 where eom.account = h.account
                   and h.assigned <= eom.dt
                 order by h.assigned desc) a
order by eom.account, eom.dt;                          

Ini tidak berarti solusi yang tampak bersih, tetapi tampaknya memberikan hasil yang Anda cari (saya yakin orang lain akan memiliki pertanyaan yang bagus, bersih, sepenuhnya dioptimalkan untuk Anda).

create table #histories
(
    username varchar(10),
    account varchar(10),
    assigned date  
);

insert into #histories 
values 
('PHIL','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-04'),
('PETER','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-15'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-03-04'),
('ANDY','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-06'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-07'),
('FRED','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-08'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT1','2017-08-05'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-02'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-18'),
('JOSH','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-09'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-09'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-06'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-07') ; 


IF (SELECT OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb..#IncompleteResults')) IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #IncompleteResults;

DECLARE @EOMTable TABLE ( EndOfMonth DATE );
DECLARE @DateToWrite DATE = '2017-01-31';
WHILE @DateToWrite < '2017-10-31'
    BEGIN
        INSERT  INTO @EOMTable
                ( EndOfMonth )
                SELECT  @DateToWrite;

        SELECT  @DateToWrite = EOMONTH(DATEADD(MONTH, 1, @DateToWrite));
    END

    ;
WITH    cteAccountsByMonth
          AS ( SELECT   EndOfMonth ,
                        account
               FROM     @EOMTable e
                        CROSS JOIN ( SELECT DISTINCT
                                            account
                                     FROM   #histories
                                   ) AS h
             ),
        cteHistories
          AS ( SELECT   username ,
                        account ,
                        ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY ( CAST(DATEPART(YEAR,
                                                              assigned) AS CHAR(4))
                                                           + ( RIGHT('00'
                                                              + CAST(DATEPART(MONTH,
                                                              assigned) AS VARCHAR(10)),
                                                              2) ) ), account ORDER BY assigned DESC ) AS rownum ,
                        CAST(DATEPART(YEAR, assigned) AS CHAR(4)) + RIGHT('00'
                                                              + CAST(DATEPART(MONTH,
                                                              assigned) AS VARCHAR(10)),
                                                              2) AS PartialDate ,
                        assigned ,
                        EOMONTH(assigned) AS EndofMonth
               FROM     #histories
             )
    SELECT  username ,
            e.EndOfMonth ,
            e.account
    INTO #IncompleteResults
    FROM    cteAccountsByMonth e
            LEFT JOIN cteHistories c ON e.EndOfMonth = c.EndofMonth
                                        AND c.account = e.account
                                        AND c.rownum = 1
SELECT  CASE WHEN username IS NULL
             THEN ( SELECT  username
                    FROM    #IncompleteResults i2
                    WHERE   username IS NOT NULL
                            AND i.account = i2.account
                            AND i2.EndOfMonth = ( SELECT    MAX(EndOfMonth)
                                                  FROM      #IncompleteResults i3
                                                  WHERE     i3.EndOfMonth < i.EndOfMonth
                                                            AND i3.account = i.account
                                                            AND i3.username IS NOT NULL
                                                )
                  )
             ELSE username
        END AS username ,
        EndOfMonth ,
        account 
FROM    #IncompleteResults i
ORDER BY account ,
        i.EndOfMonth;

Saya menggunakan tabel dimensi tanggal dari Aaron Bertrand, seperti yang Anda juga sebutkan dalam pertanyaan Anda (yang merupakan tabel yang sangat berguna untuk skenario seperti itu) dan saya menulis kode berikut:

Saya menambahkan EndOfMonthkolom ke #dimtabel (tepat setelah FirstOfMonthkolom) menggunakan kode berikut:

 EndOfMonth as dateadd(s,-1,dateadd(mm, datediff(m,0,[date])+1,0)),

Dan solusinya:

if object_id('tempdb..#temp') is not null drop table #temp
create table #temp (nr int, username varchar(100), account varchar(100), eom date)

;with lastassignedpermonth as
(
    select 
           month(assigned) month
         , account
         , max(assigned) assigned
    from 
           #histories 
    group by month(assigned), account 
)
insert into #temp
select 
       distinct row_number() over (order by d.account, d.eom) nr
     , h.username
     , d.account
     , d.eom
from ( 
        select distinct month, cast(d.endofmonth as date) eom, t.account 
        from #dim d cross apply (select distinct account from #histories) t 
     ) d
            left join lastassignedpermonth l on d.month = l.month and l.assigned <= d.eom and d.account = l.account 
            left join #histories h on h.assigned = l.assigned and h.account = l.account 
where d.eom <=  dateadd(s,-1,dateadd(mm, datediff(m,0,getdate())+1,0)) -- end of current month
order by d.account, eom 

-- This could have been done in one single statement with the lead() function but that is available as of SQL Server 2012
select case when t.username is null then (select username from #temp where nr = previous_username.nr) else t.username end as username, t.account, t.eom 
from #temp as t cross apply ( 
                                select max(nr) nr 
                                from #temp as t1
                                where t1.nr < t.nr and t1.username is not null
                            ) as previous_username

/*
   Note: You get twice JAMES and JOSH for April/ACCOUNT2, because apparently they are both assigned on the same date(2017-04-09)... 
   I guess your data should be cleaned up of overlapping dates.
*/

Triangle BERGABUNG untuk kemenangan!

SELECT account,EndOfMonth,username
FROM (
    SELECT Ends.*, h.*
        ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY h.account,Ends.EndOfMonth ORDER BY h.assigned DESC) AS RowNumber
    FROM (
        SELECT [Year],[Month],MAX(DATE) AS EndOfMonth
        FROM #dim
        GROUP BY [Year],[Month]
        ) Ends
    CROSS JOIN (
        SELECT account, MAX(assigned) AS MaxAssigned
        FROM #histories
        GROUP BY account
        ) ac
    JOIN #histories h ON h.account = ac.account
        AND Year(h.assigned) = ends.[Year]
        AND Month(h.assigned) <= ends.[Month] --triangle join for the win!
        AND EndOfMonth < DATEADD(month, 1, Maxassigned)
    ) Results
WHERE RowNumber = 1
ORDER BY account,EndOfMonth;

Hasilnya adalah:

account     EndOfMonth  username

ACCOUNT1    2017-01-31  PETER
ACCOUNT1    2017-02-28  PETER
ACCOUNT1    2017-03-31  DAVE
ACCOUNT1    2017-04-30  DAVE
ACCOUNT1    2017-05-31  FRED
ACCOUNT1    2017-06-30  FRED
ACCOUNT1    2017-07-31  FRED
ACCOUNT1    2017-08-31  JAMES

ACCOUNT2    2017-01-31  PHIL
ACCOUNT2    2017-02-28  PHIL
ACCOUNT2    2017-03-31  PHIL
ACCOUNT2    2017-04-30  JAMES
ACCOUNT2    2017-05-31  PHIL

Rencana Eksekusi Interaktif di sini.

Statistik I / O dan TIME (memotong semua nilai nol setelah pembacaan logis):

(13 row(s) affected)

Table 'Worktable'.  Scan count 3, logical reads 35.
Table 'Workfile'.   Scan count 0, logical reads  0.
Table '#dim'.       Scan count 1, logical reads  4.
Table '#histories'. Scan count 1, logical reads  1.

SQL Server Execution Times:
    CPU time = 0 ms,  elapsed time = 3 ms.

Kueri untuk membuat tabel temp yang diperlukan dan menguji pernyataan T-SQL yang saya sarankan:

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#histories') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #histories

CREATE TABLE #histories (
    username VARCHAR(10)
    ,account VARCHAR(10)
    ,assigned DATE
    );

INSERT INTO #histories
VALUES
('PHIL','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-04'),
('PETER','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-15'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-03-04'),
('ANDY','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-06'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-07'),
('FRED','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-08'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT1','2017-08-05'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-02'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-18'),
('JOSH','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-08'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-09'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-06'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-07');

DECLARE @StartDate DATE = '20170101'
    ,@NumberOfYears INT = 2;

-- prevent set or regional settings from interfering with 
-- interpretation of dates / literals
SET DATEFIRST 7;
SET DATEFORMAT mdy;
SET LANGUAGE US_ENGLISH;

DECLARE @CutoffDate DATE = DATEADD(YEAR, @NumberOfYears, @StartDate);

-- this is just a holding table for intermediate calculations:
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#dim') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #dim

CREATE TABLE #dim (
    [date] DATE PRIMARY KEY
    ,[day] AS DATEPART(DAY, [date])
    ,[month] AS DATEPART(MONTH, [date])
    ,FirstOfMonth AS CONVERT(DATE, DATEADD(MONTH, DATEDIFF(MONTH, 0, [date]), 0))
    ,[MonthName] AS DATENAME(MONTH, [date])
    ,[week] AS DATEPART(WEEK, [date])
    ,[ISOweek] AS DATEPART(ISO_WEEK, [date])
    ,[DayOfWeek] AS DATEPART(WEEKDAY, [date])
    ,[quarter] AS DATEPART(QUARTER, [date])
    ,[year] AS DATEPART(YEAR, [date])
    ,FirstOfYear AS CONVERT(DATE, DATEADD(YEAR, DATEDIFF(YEAR, 0, [date]), 0))
    ,Style112 AS CONVERT(CHAR(8), [date], 112)
    ,Style101 AS CONVERT(CHAR(10), [date], 101)
    );

-- use the catalog views to generate as many rows as we need

INSERT #dim ([date])
SELECT d
FROM (
    SELECT d = DATEADD(DAY, rn - 1, @StartDate)
    FROM (
        SELECT TOP (DATEDIFF(DAY, @StartDate, @CutoffDate)) rn = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
                ORDER BY s1.[object_id]
                )
        FROM sys.all_objects AS s1
        CROSS JOIN sys.all_objects AS s2
        -- on my system this would support > 5 million days
        ORDER BY s1.[object_id]
        ) AS x
    ) AS y;

/* The actual SELECT statement to get the results we want! */

SET STATISTICS IO, TIME ON;

SELECT account,EndOfMonth,username
FROM (
    SELECT Ends.*, h.*
        ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY h.account,Ends.EndOfMonth ORDER BY h.assigned DESC) AS RowNumber
    FROM (
        SELECT [Year],[Month],MAX(DATE) AS EndOfMonth
        FROM #dim
        GROUP BY [Year],[Month]
        ) Ends
    CROSS JOIN (
        SELECT account, MAX(assigned) AS MaxAssigned
        FROM #histories
        GROUP BY account
        ) ac
    JOIN #histories h ON h.account = ac.account
        AND Year(h.assigned) = ends.[Year]
        AND Month(h.assigned) <= ends.[Month] --triangle join for the win!
        AND EndOfMonth < DATEADD(month, 1, Maxassigned)
    ) Results
WHERE RowNumber = 1
ORDER BY account,EndOfMonth;

SET STATISTICS IO, TIME OFF;

--IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#histories') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #histories
--IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#dim') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #dim