Di ruang obrolan dengan beberapa orang, sebuah topik muncul di antara saya dan mereka tentang berapa banyak string yang mungkin cocok dengan regex.

Tugas Anda adalah membangun sebuah program yang dapat menjawab pertanyaan itu.

Program Anda akan menerima, sebagai input, setiap ekspresi reguler seperti yang didefinisikan dalam dokumen ini sebagai "ekspresi reguler yang diperluas", seperti:

^[A-Za-z0-9]{8}$

dan output jumlah total string yang mungkin cocok dengan ungkapan itu, menghasilkan infinityjika ada banyak sekali:

218340105584896

Program Anda juga dapat menampilkan too manyjika ada lebih dari 2 ⁶³ -1 string yang mungkin cocok dengan regex; namun, itu tidak boleh di-output infinitykecuali sebenarnya ada banyak string.

Program terpendek untuk melakukan hal di atas menang.

Python 3370

Saya mendapatkan ini sekitar fungsional yang saya bisa, dan bahkan mendapat pergantian untuk bekerja (dengan pengecekan penghitungan ganda yang benar!). Sejauh yang saya tahu ini bekerja untuk semuanya kecuali lookarounds (karena itu akan gila).

Bagi siapa pun yang menulis solusi mereka sendiri, jangan ragu untuk menggunakan / meningkatkan metode saya sebanyak yang Anda suka.

Kode:

R=range;L=len;E=enumerate;I=int;F="Infinity";S=sum;H=chr;D=ord;J=lambda l:''.join(l);U=lambda s:J([H(i)if H(i) not in s else''for i in R(1,128)]);s=' \n\t';c=J((H(i)if H(i)not in s else'')for i in R(1,32));d,l,u=[J(H(i)for i in R(*n))for n in [[48,59],[97,123],[65,91]]];p='`~!@#$%^&*()-_=+[{]}\\|;:\'",<.>/?';Y={'\\s':s,'\\S':c+s+p+u+l+d,'\\d':d,'\\D':U(d),'\\w':u+l+'_','\\W':U(u+l+'_'),'[:alnum:]':u+l+d,'[:alpha:]':u+l,'[:ascii:]':U(''),'[:blank:]':' \t','[:cntrl:]':c,'[:digit:]':d,'[:graph:]':p+d+l+u,'[:lower:]':l,'[:print:]':p+d+l+u+s,'[:punct:]':p,'[:space:]':s,'[:upper:]':u,'[:word:]':l+u+'_','[:xdigit:]':d+'ABCDEF'};C=lambda l,n:[d+[l[i]]for i in R(L(l))for d in C(l[i+1:],n-1)]if n>0 else[[]];O=lambda x:S([all((c in s)for s in [(e[1]if any(e[1] not in Y for e in x)else Y[e[1]])if e[0]=='e'else(e[1]if e[0]=='t'else((Y[e[1]]if e[1]in Y else B(e[1]))if e[0]=='['else''))for e in x])for c in Y['[:ascii:]']])
def X(r):
 x=[];l=0;c=''
 for h in r:
    l+=I(h in'([')-I(h in')]')
    if l<1 and'|'==h:x+=[c];c=''
    else:c+=h
 x+=[c]
 if L(x)>1:
    o=0;m=[];u=[]
    for e in x:
     p,b=X(e)
     if p==F:return F,[]
     o+=p;m+=[('(',b)];u+=[b]
    return o-S([(-1)**(i%2)*T(s) for i in R(2,L(u)+1)for s in C(u,i)]),[('|',m)]
 u=[];o=[];m=[];w=1
 while r!='':
    h=r[0];z=0
    if h in'([{':
     l=1;i=1
     while l>0:k=r[i];l+=(k==h)-(k=={'(':')','[':']','{':'}'}[h]);i+=1
     u+=[(h,r[1:i-1])];z=i
    elif h=='\\':u+=[('e','\\'+eval("'\\%s'"%r[1]))]if r[1]in'nt'else[('e','\\'+r[1])];z=2
    elif h in ['*','+','?']:u+=[('{',h)];z=1
    elif h in'^$':return 0
    elif h=='.':u+=[('[','[:ascii:]')];z=1
    else:u+=[('t',h)];z=1
    r=r[z:]
 for t,g in u:
    if t=='(':p,b=X(g);o+=[p];m+=[('(',b)]
    elif t=='e':o+=[L(Y[g])]if g in Y else[1]
    elif t=='[':o+=[N(g)]
    elif t=='{':
     n=o[-1]
     try:o[-1]=S([n**r for r in Q(g)])
     except:return F,[]
    elif t=='t':o+=[1]
    if t!='(':m+=[(t,g)]
 for c in o:
    if c==F:return F,[]
    w*=c
 return w,m
def N(s):
 if s in Y:return L(Y[s])
 if(s[0],s[-1])==('[',']'):return 1
 n=(s[0]=='^');a=0
 if n:s=s[1:]
 while s!='':
    if L(s)>=3 and s[1]=='-':a+=D(s[2])-D(s[0])+1;s=s[3:];continue
    a+=1;s=s[1:]
 return 256*n+(-1)**n*a
def Q(s):
 if s=='?':return[0,1]
 if s[0]in'*+':return None
 if ','in s:
    l,h=s.split(',')
    return None if h==''else R(I(l),I(h)+1)
 return[I(s)]
def B(s):
 n=(s[0]=='^')
 if n:s=s[1:]
 a='';w=''
 while s!='':
    h=s[0]
    if 3<=L(s)and'-'==s[1]:
     for i in R(D(s[0]),D(s[2])+1):a+=H(i)
     s=s[3:];continue
    a+=h;s=s[1:]
 return J([c*(c not in a)for c in Y['[:ascii:]']])if n else a
def T(x):
 if all(e==[] for e in x):return 1
 for i,e in E(x):
    if L(e)>=2 and e[1][0]=='{':return S([T([[e[0]]*n+e[2:]]+x[:i]+x[i+1:])for n in Q(e[1][1])])
    if L(e)>=1:
     if e[0][0] == '(':return T([e[0][1]+e[1:]]+x[:i]+x[i+1:])
     if e[0][0]== '|':
        t=S(T([[s]+e[1:]]+x[:i]+x[i+1:])for s in e[0][1])
        u=[[s]for s in e[0][1]]
        return t-S((-1)**(j%2)*T(b)for j in R(2,L(u)+1)for b in C(u,j))
 if any(e==[]for e in x):return 0
 return O([e[0]for e in x])*T([e[1:]for e in x])
r=raw_input();e=[];l=0;c=''
for h in r:
 l+=I(h in'([')-I(h in')]')
 if l<1 and'|'==h:e+=[c];c=''
 else:c+=h
e+=[c];o=[];x=[]
for f in e:
 if '^'!=f[0]or'$'!=f[-1]:print F;quit()
 n,m=X(f[1:-1])
 if n==F:print F;quit()
 o+=[n];x+=[m]
print S(o)-S([(-1)**(i%2)*T(s) for i in R(2,L(x)+1)for s in C(x,i)])

Tidak Terkumpul:

controlchars = ''
for i in range(1,32):
    if chr(i) not in '\t\n':
        controlchars += chr(i)

CLASSES={
'\\s':' \t\n',
'\\S':controlchars+'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~',
'\\d':'0123456789',
'\\D':controlchars+'\n\t !"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~',
'\\w':'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_',
'\\W':controlchars+'\n\t !"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^`{|}~',
'[:alnum:]':'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789',
'[:alpha:]':'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
'[:ascii:]':controlchars+'\n\t !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~',
'[:blank:]':' \t',
'[:cntrl:]':controlchars,
'[:digit:]':'0123456789',
'[:graph:]':'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~',
'[:lower:]':'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',
'[:print:]':'\n\t !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~',
'[:punct:]':'`~!@#$%^&*()-_=+[{]}\\|;:\'",<.>/?',
'[:space:]':' \t\n',
'[:upper:]':'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
'[:word:]':'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_',
'[:xdigit:]':'0123456789ABCDEF'
}

DELIMIT = {
'(':')',
')':'(',
'[':']',
']':'[',
'{':'}',
'}':'{'
}

def combos(lst,num):
    if num == 0:
        return [[]]
    combs = []
    for i in range(len(lst)):
        for c in combos(lst[i+1:],num-1):
            combs.append([lst[i]]+c)
    return combs

def count_regex(regex):
    exprs = []
    level = 0
    current = ''
    for char in regex:
        if char in '([':
            level += 1
        if char in ')]':
            level -= 1
        if char == '|' and level == 0:
            exprs.append(current)
            current = ''
        else:
            current += char
    exprs.append(current)

    comps = []
    expanded = []
    for e in exprs:
        if (e[0] != '^' or e[-1] != '$'):
            return 'Infinity'
        num,member = count_expr(e[1:-1])
        if num == 'Infinity':
            return 'Infinity'
        comps.append(num)
        expanded.append(member)

    total = sum(comps)
    for i in range(2,len(expanded)+1):
        for subset in combos(expanded,i):
            if i % 2 == 0:
                total -= count_doubles(subset)
            else:
                total += count_doubles(subset)
    return total

def count_expr(expr):
    exprs = []
    level = 0
    current = ''
    for char in expr:
        if char in '([':
            level += 1
        if char in ')]':
            level -= 1
        if char == '|' and level == 0:
            exprs.append(current)
            current = ''
        else:
            current += char
    exprs.append(current)

    if len(exprs) != 1:
        comps = 0
        members = []
        sub = []
        for e in exprs:
            comp,memb = count_expr(e)
            if comp == 'Infinity':
                return 'Infinity',[]
            comps += comp
            members.append(('(',memb))
            sub.append(memb)

        for i in range(2,len(sub)+1):
            for subset in combos(sub,i):
                if i % 2 == 0:
                    comps -= count_doubles(subset)
                else:
                    comps += count_doubles(subset)

        return comps,[('|',members)]


    sub = []
    while expr != '':
        char = expr[0]
        if char in ['(','[','{']:
            level = 1
            i = 1
            while level > 0:
                nchar = expr[i]
                if nchar == char: level += 1
                if nchar == DELIMIT[char]: level -= 1
                i += 1
            sub.append((char,expr[1:i-1]))
            expr = expr[i:]
        elif char == '\\':
            if expr[1] == 'n':
                sub.append(('e','\\'+'\n'))
                expr = expr[2:]
            elif expr[1] == 't':
                sub.append(('e','\\'+'\t'))
                expr = expr[2:]
            else:
                sub.append(('e','\\'+expr[1]))
                expr = expr[2:]
        elif char in ['*','+','?']:
            sub.append(('{',char))
            expr = expr[1:]
        else:
            if char in '^$':
                return 0
            if char == '.':
                sub.append(('[','[:ascii:]'))
                expr = expr[1:]
            else:
                sub.append(('t',char))
                expr = expr[1:]

    components = []
    members = []
    for t,string in sub:
        if t == '(':
            comp,memb = count_expr(string)
            components.append(comp)
            members.append(('(',memb))
        elif t == 'e':
            if string in CLASSES:
                components.append(len(CLASSES[string]))
            else:
                components.append(1)
        elif t == '[':
            components.append(count_class(string))
        elif t == '{':
            num = components[-1]
            try:
                components[-1] = sum([num**r for r in count_quantifier(string)])
            except TypeError:
                return 'Infinity',[]
        elif t == 't':
            components.append(1)

        if t != '(':
            members.append((t,string))

    total = 1
    for c in components:
        if c == 'Infinity':
            return 'Infinity',[]
        total *= c
    return total,members

def count_class(string):
    if string in CLASSES:
        return len(CLASSES[string])
    if string[0] == '[' and string[-1] == ']':
        return 1
    negate = (string[0] == '^')
    if negate: string = string[1:]
    avail_count = 0
    while string != '':
        char = string[0]
        if len(string) >= 3:
            if string[1] == '-':
                first,last = string[0],string[2]
                avail_count += ord(last)-ord(first)+1
                string = string[3:]
                continue
        avail_count += 1
        string = string[1:]
    if negate:
        return 256-avail-count
    return avail_count

def count_quantifier(string):
    if string == '?':
        return [0,1]
    if string[0] in '*+':
        return None
    if ',' in string:
        low,high = string.split(',')
        if high == '':
            return None
        return range(int(low),int(high)+1)
    return [int(string)]

def bracket_string(string):
    negate = (string[0] == '^')
    if negate: string = string[1:]
    avail = ''
    while string != '':
        char = string[0]
        if len(string) >= 3:
            if string[1] == '-':
                first,last = string[0],string[2]
                for i in range(ord(first),ord(last)+1):
                    avail += chr(i)
                string = string[3:]
                continue
        avail += char
        string = string[1:]
    if negate:
        new = ''
        for c in CLASSES['[:ascii:]']:
            if c not in avail:
                new += c
        return new
    return avail

def overlap(es):
    chars=['' for i in range(len(es))]
    for i,e in enumerate(es):
        if e[0] == 'e':
            if any(e[1] not in CLASSES for e in es):
                chars[i] = e[1]
            else:
                chars[i] = CLASSES[e[1]]

    for i,e in enumerate(es):
        if e[0] == 't':
            chars[i] = e[1]

    for i,e in enumerate(es):
        if e[0] == '[':
            if e[1] in CLASSES:
                chars[i] = CLASSES[e[1]]
            else:
                chars[i] = bracket_string(e[1])

    total = 0
    for c in CLASSES['[:ascii:]']:
        has = True
        for chs in chars:
            if c not in chs:
                has = False
                break
        if has:
            total += 1
    return total

def count_doubles(exprs):   
    if all(e==[] for e in exprs):
        return 1

    for i,expr in enumerate(exprs):
        if len(expr) >= 2 and expr[1][0] == '{':
            rng = count_quantifier(expr[1][1])
            total = 0
            for n in rng:
                total += count_doubles([ [expr[0]]*n+expr[2:] ] + exprs[:i] + exprs[i+1:])
            return total

    for i,expr in enumerate(exprs):
        if len(expr) >= 1 and expr[0][0] == '(':
            return count_doubles([ expr[0][1]+expr[1:] ] + exprs[:i] + exprs[i+1:] )

    if any(e==[] for e in exprs):
        return 0

    for i,expr in enumerate(exprs):
        if expr[0][0] == '|':
            total = 0
            subs = []
            for sub_expr in expr[0][1]:
                subs.append([sub_expr])
                total += count_doubles([ [sub_expr]+expr[1:] ] + exprs[:i] + exprs[i+1:])

            for j in range(2,len(subs)+1):
                for subset in combos(subs,j):
                    if j % 2 == 0:
                        total -= count_doubles(subset)
                    else:
                        total += count_doubles(subset)

            return total

    over = overlap([e[0] for e in exprs])
    if over == 0:
        return 0
    return  over * count_doubles([e[1:] for e in exprs])

reg = raw_input('Regex: ')
print count_regex(reg)

Berikut adalah beberapa kasus uji yang relevan yang telah saya konfirmasi:

Regex: ^[A-Za-z0-9]{8}$
218340105584896

Regex: ^([a-b]*)$
Infinity

Regex: ^([0-9]|[a-e])([a-e]|[A-E])$|^[a-f]{2}$
161

Regex: ^[a-z]{2}$|^[0-9]?[a-z]{2,3}$|^a[a-z]?$
200773

Regex: ^([a-z]|[a-e]|[A-E]|[3-4]|[D-G])$
35

Regex: ^\(.)\(.)\2\1$
16129*

Regex: ^(a)\1?$
2

Regex: ^[[:space:]]$|^\t$
3

* Ini sebenarnya berbeda di golf dan ungolfed karena perbedaan satu karakter dalam apa yang didefinisikan sebagai ascii yang valid. Saya percaya golf adalah yang lebih tepat.

Untuk mengkonfirmasi keakuratannya, tes lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan, harap beri tahu saya jika ada kesalahan (sejujurnya saya tidak akan terkejut jika ada beberapa).