Bagaimana cara membuat koneksi VPN melalui terminal?

Saya memiliki pro macbook dengan maverick berjalan. Saya mencari cara untuk terhubung ke jaringan VPN di terminal.

Alasan mengapa saya ingin melakukan ini adalah karena saya ingin menulis sebuah program kecil dengan Python yang secara otomatis mendeteksi server VPN tercepat di antara 30 server. Ini adalah proyek latihan motivasi diri jadi saya pikir saya akan tetap berpegang pada bahasa Python. Jadi saya memecah tugas dan berpikir program mungkin perlu terhubung ke salah satu server terlebih dahulu dan setelah itu, jalankan tes kecepatan.

Jadi saya sekarang terjebak dalam langkah pertama ini karena saya menyadari membangun koneksi VPN tampaknya berada di bawah tingkat sistem karena saya tidak dapat menemukan modul VPN pra-ditulis dalam python. Jadi saya kira itu akan seperti saya memberi tahu Python untuk memberitahu shell sistem untuk terhubung ke server VPN.

Ketika saya mencari-cari dan menemukan perintah dengan mengetik apropos vpn. Itu disebut vpnagent. Tetapi man vpnagenttidak memberikan informasi yang berguna atau which vpnagentmemberi tahu saya bahwa utilitas tidak diinstal di Mac saya. Hal menarik lain yang saya temukan adalah pppdtetapi mengatur file konfigurasi sangat mengecewakan. Saya tidak berhasil melakukannya.

Jadi apakah ada cara menghubungkan ke VPN menggunakan terminal? Selain itu, karena saya baru dalam pemrograman, komentar apa pun tentang proyek saya juga diterima. Terima kasih sebelumnya.

Anda dapat menggunakan fungsi bash yang luar biasa ini dari @slhck di Super User :

Untuk terhubung ke VPN yang berbeda, miliki beberapa VPN di Network.prefpane.

function vpn-connect {
/usr/bin/env osascript <<-EOF
tell application "System Events"
        tell current location of network preferences
                set VPN to service "UniVPN" -- your VPN name here
                if exists VPN then connect VPN
                repeat while (current configuration of VPN is not connected)
                    delay 1
                end repeat
        end tell
end tell
EOF
}

function vpn-disconnect {
/usr/bin/env osascript <<-EOF
tell application "System Events"
        tell current location of network preferences
                set VPN to service "UniVPN" -- your VPN name here
                if exists VPN then disconnect VPN
        end tell
end tell
return
EOF
}

^{Jangan lupa ganti nama VPN.}

scutil harus menjadi semua yang Anda butuhkan.

scutil --nc start <service name>

Jadi skrip Python Anda untuk terhubung ke masing-masing pada gilirannya dapat mencakup sesuatu seperti ini:

import re
from subprocess import call, check_output

vpns_string = check_output(["scutil", "--nc", "list"]) # lists all VPN services

vpns = re.findall('"(.+)"', vpns_string) # service names are double-quoted

for vpn in vpns:
  call(["scutil", "--nc", "start", vpn])
  #...do stuff with your connection, test speed etc.
  call(["scutil", "--nc", "stop", vpn])

Anda dapat menentukan nama pengguna, kata sandi & rahasia untuk dihubungkan - lihat scutil --nc helpuntuk penggunaan.

#!/bin/sh
# Random UUID for this config
vpnUuid=``
# Address of VPN server
serverName=""
# The group of usernames that is allowed in
groupName=""
# The name of connection type displayed in GUI
labelName=""
# The Shared Secret
sharedSecret=""
# The user this VPN config is for
userName=""

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 4 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "serverName"
if [ "$4" != "" ] && [ "$ranAtImaging" == "" ]; then
    ranAtImaging=$4
fi

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 5 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "serverName"
if [ "$5" != "" ] && [ "$serverName" == "" ]; then
    serverName=$5
fi

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 6 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "groupName"
if [ "$6" != "" ] && [ "$groupName" == "" ]; then
    groupName=$6
fi

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 7 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "labelName"
if [ "$7" != "" ] && [ "$labelName" == "" ]; then
    labelName=$7
fi

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 8 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "sharedSecret"
if [ "$8" != "" ] && [ "$sharedSecret" == "" ]; then
    sharedSecret=$8
fi

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 9 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "userName"
if [ "$9" != "" ] && [ "$userName" == "" ]; then
    userName=$9
fi

loggedInUser=`/bin/ls -l /dev/console | /usr/bin/awk '{ print $3 }'`
macModel=`system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | grep "Model Name:" | awk '{ print $3 }'`

# Check that we are running this on a MacBook
if [ "$macModel" == "MacBook" ]; then

    # Setup Keychain shared secret granting appropriate access for the OS apps
    /usr/bin/security add-generic-password -a "$groupName" -l "$labelName" -D "IPSec Shared Secret" -w "$sharedSecret" -s "$vpnUuid".SS -T /System/Library/Frameworks/SystemConfiguration.framework/Resources/SCHelper -T /Applications/System\ Preferences.app -T /System/Library/CoreServices/SystemUIServer.app -T /usr/sbin/pppd -T /usr/sbin/racoon /Library/Keychains/System.keychain

    # Write a Network Config containing this keychain item directly to System Config
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:DNS dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPv4 dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPv4:ConfigMethod string Automatic" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPv6 dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Proxies dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Proxies:ExceptionList array" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Proxies:ExceptionList:0 string \*\.local" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Proxies:ExceptionList:1 string 169\.254\/16" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Proxies:FTPPassive integer 1" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:SMB dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:UserDefinedName string $labelName" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Interface dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Interface:Type string IPSec" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:AuthenticationMethod string SharedSecret" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:LocalIdentifier string $groupName" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:LocalIdentifierType string KeyID" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:RemoteAddress string $serverName" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:SharedSecret string $vpnUuid\.SS" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:SharedSecretEncryption string Keychain" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:XAuthName string $userName" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:XAuthPasswordEncryption string Prompt" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist

    # At this point, we should have only one Network Set (Automatic) so we find out its UUID — errr, messy
    autoUuid=`/usr/libexec/Plistbuddy -c "Print :Sets" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist | grep -B1 -m1 Automatic | grep Dict | awk '{ print $1 }'`

    # and we add our newly created config to the default set
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :Sets:$autoUuid:Network:Service:$vpnUuid dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :Sets:$autoUuid:Network:Service:$vpnUuid:__LINK__ string \/NetworkServices\/$vpnUuid" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :Sets:$autoUuid:Network:Global:IPv4:ServiceOrder: string $vpnUuid" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist

else
    echo "This mac is not a MacBook… so skipping…"
fi